The Future Indefinite Tense, also known as the Simple Future Tense, is a fundamental aspect of Hindi grammar that can aid language learners in expressing actions or events that will happen in the future. This tense is essential for constructing sentences that indicate future intentions, predictions, or scheduled events. Understanding the structure and usage of the Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi can significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in the language. In this article, we will explore the formation, rules, and practical examples of the Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi.
Formation of Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi
The Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi is relatively straightforward once you grasp the basic structure. It involves the use of the root form of the verb followed by specific suffixes. The structure can be broken down into three main components: the subject, the root verb, and the appropriate future tense suffix.
Subject
The subject in a sentence is the person or thing performing the action. In Hindi, subjects can be pronouns (like मैं, तू, वह, हम, etc.) or nouns. The subject determines the suffix that will be added to the root verb.
Root Verb
The root verb is the base form of the verb without any tense markers. For example, in the verb करना (to do), “कर” is the root verb.
Future Tense Suffixes
The suffixes for the Future Indefinite Tense change depending on the subject. Here are the suffixes for different subjects:
– First Person Singular (मैं): -ऊँगा/-ऊँगी
– Second Person Singular (तू): -एगा/-एगी
– Third Person Singular (वह): -एगा/-एगी
– First Person Plural (हम): -एंगे/-एंगी
– Second Person Plural (तुम): -ओगे/-ओगी
– Third Person Plural (वे): -एंगे/-एंगी
For masculine subjects, the suffixes are generally -ऊँगा, -एगा, -एंगे, and -ओगे. For feminine subjects, the suffixes are -ऊँगी, -एगी, -एंगी, and -ओगी.
Examples of Future Indefinite Tense
To illustrate how these components come together, let’s look at some examples:
1. First Person Singular (मैं)
– Root Verb: जाना (to go)
– Future Tense: मैं जाऊँगा (main jaaoonga) – I will go.
2. Second Person Singular (तू)
– Root Verb: करना (to do)
– Future Tense: तू करेगा (tu karega) – You will do.
3. Third Person Singular (वह)
– Root Verb: खाना (to eat)
– Future Tense: वह खाएगा (vah khaayega) – He/She will eat.
4. First Person Plural (हम)
– Root Verb: पढ़ना (to read)
– Future Tense: हम पढ़ेंगे (hum padhenge) – We will read.
5. Second Person Plural (तुम)
– Root Verb: लिखना (to write)
– Future Tense: तुम लिखोगे (tum likhoge) – You (all) will write.
6. Third Person Plural (वे)
– Root Verb: बोलना (to speak)
– Future Tense: वे बोलेंगे (ve bolenge) – They will speak.
Usage of Future Indefinite Tense
The Future Indefinite Tense is used in various contexts to indicate actions or events that will take place in the future. Here are some common scenarios where this tense is employed:
1. Expressing Future Intentions
When you want to express your intention to do something in the future, the Future Indefinite Tense is used. For example:
– मैं कल दिल्ली जाऊँगा। (main kal Dilli jaaoonga) – I will go to Delhi tomorrow.
2. Making Predictions
This tense is also used to make predictions about the future. For instance:
– यह फिल्म बहुत हिट होगी। (yah film bahut hit hogi) – This movie will be a big hit.
3. Scheduled Events
To talk about events that are scheduled to happen in the future, you can use the Future Indefinite Tense. For example:
– ट्रेन रात आठ बजे आएगी। (train raat aath baje aayegi) – The train will arrive at 8 PM.
4. Promises and Offers
When making promises or offers, this tense is often used. For instance:
– मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूँगा। (main tumhaari madad karoonga) – I will help you.
Negative Form of Future Indefinite Tense
To form the negative of the Future Indefinite Tense, simply add “नहीं” (nahin) before the root verb. Here are some examples:
1. First Person Singular (मैं)
– मैं नहीं जाऊँगा। (main nahin jaaoonga) – I will not go.
2. Second Person Singular (तू)
– तू नहीं करेगा। (tu nahin karega) – You will not do.
3. Third Person Singular (वह)
– वह नहीं खाएगा। (vah nahin khaayega) – He/She will not eat.
4. First Person Plural (हम)
– हम नहीं पढ़ेंगे। (hum nahin padhenge) – We will not read.
5. Second Person Plural (तुम)
– तुम नहीं लिखोगे। (tum nahin likhoge) – You (all) will not write.
6. Third Person Plural (वे)
– वे नहीं बोलेंगे। (ve nahin bolenge) – They will not speak.
Interrogative Form of Future Indefinite Tense
To form a question in the Future Indefinite Tense, place the appropriate question word at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the subject and then the future form of the verb. Here are some examples:
1. First Person Singular (मैं)
– क्या मैं कल दिल्ली जाऊँगा? (kya main kal Dilli jaaoonga?) – Will I go to Delhi tomorrow?
2. Second Person Singular (तू)
– क्या तू यह काम करेगा? (kya tu yah kaam karega?) – Will you do this work?
3. Third Person Singular (वह)
– क्या वह खाना खाएगा? (kya vah khaana khaayega?) – Will he/she eat food?
4. First Person Plural (हम)
– क्या हम समय पर पहुँचेंगे? (kya hum samay par pahunchenge?) – Will we reach on time?
5. Second Person Plural (तुम)
– क्या तुम परीक्षा दोगे? (kya tum pareeksha doge?) – Will you (all) take the exam?
6. Third Person Plural (वे)
– क्या वे खेलेंगे? (kya ve khelenge?) – Will they play?
Practice Exercises
To master the Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi, it is essential to practice regularly. Here are some exercises to help you get started:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct future tense form of the verb given in brackets:
– मैं कल बाजार _________ (जाना).
– तुम अगले हफ्ते _________ (लिखना).
– वह अगले महीने _________ (आना).
– हम यह काम _________ (करना).
– वे फिल्म _________ (देखना).
2. Convert the following sentences into negative sentences:
– मैं कल स्कूल जाऊँगा।
– वह खाना बनाएगा।
– हम समय पर आएंगे।
– तुम दौड़ोगे।
– वे गाएँगे।
3. Form questions from the following statements:
– मैं कल दिल्ली जाऊँगा।
– तू यह काम करेगा।
– वह खाना खाएगा।
– हम समय पर पहुँचेंगे।
– तुम परीक्षा दोगे।
– वे खेलेंगे।
Conclusion
The Future Indefinite Tense is an essential aspect of Hindi grammar that enables you to express actions and events that will occur in the future. By understanding the structure and usage of this tense, you can enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Hindi. Regular practice with forming sentences, making negatives, and asking questions will help solidify your understanding. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to use the Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi with confidence.
